In his first-ever “state of the world” address, Pope Leo XIV painted a troubling picture of the international landscape, cautioning that the rules meant to prevent war are being ignored and global stability is at risk.
Speaking to ambassadors and diplomatic representatives at the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City on January 9, 2026, the American-born pontiff said the world is drifting toward renewed conflict and humanitarian crises.
"War is back in vogue, and a zeal for war is spreading. The principle established after the Second World War, which prohibited nations from using force to violate the borders of others, has been completely undermined," Pope Leo said, highlighting the erosion of norms that have guided international relations for decades.
The address, given annually at the start of the year, allowed the pope to outline his priorities for global diplomacy. He warned that multilateral institutions are losing influence and stressed that adherence to international humanitarian law is essential to protect civilians and maintain some humanity amid warfare.
"I would like to draw particular attention to the importance of international humanitarian law. Compliance with this cannot depend on mere circumstances and military or strategic interests. Humanitarian law, in addition to guaranteeing a minimum of humanity during the ravages of war, is a commitment that States have made," he said.
Pope Leo stressed that deliberate destruction of hospitals, energy systems, homes, and other key facilities represents serious breaches of humanitarian law.
"Such law must always prevail over the ambitions of belligerents, to mitigate the devastating effects of war, also with a view to reconstruction. We cannot ignore that the destruction of hospitals, energy infrastructure, homes and places essential to daily life constitutes a serious violation of international humanitarian law."
The pontiff also drew attention to the erosion of basic human rights. "The very framework of human rights is losing its vitality and creating space for force and oppression," he said, warning that freedoms including speech, religion, and conscience are increasingly under threat.
On specific crises, Pope Leo called for respect for the Venezuelan people and a peaceful resolution in the country following the recent US raid that captured President Nicolás Maduro. He also referenced the ongoing conflict in Ukraine as an example of the human cost of international aggression.
The pope urged the United Nations to evolve with the changing world, tackling geopolitical tension, inequality, and climate challenges while maintaining its focus on dialogue, humanitarian assistance, and global solidarity.
"Efforts are therefore needed to ensure that the United Nations not only reflects the situation of today’s world rather than that of the post-war period, but that it is also more focused and efficient in pursuing policies aimed at the unity of the human family instead of ideologies," he said.
Pope Leo XIV concluded by calling on leaders to put humanity above ambition, protect the vulnerable, and strengthen institutions that prevent conflict, emphasizing that the resurgence of war must not become accepted as normal.
